OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU (OSB) OLAN OKUL ÖNCESİ ÇOCUKLARDA EV GÜVENLİĞİ

HOME SAFETY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)

Abstract

The estimated global prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is 1%. Individuals with autism typically exhibit high sensitivity to various environmental stimuli (smells, noise, light). Those with ASD have access to pharmacological supports that can improve social communication, reduce anxiety and aggression, and minimize comorbid symptoms. Since there is no single treatment for ASD, medical support that alleviates symptoms and evidence-based treatments starting in early development can benefit autistic children. Additionally, treatments conducted in schools and clinics should also be carried out at home, and environments such as homes should be structured to enhance the adaptive behaviors of these children. The purpose of this study is to explore the opinions and experiences of mothers on the impact of home environment characteristics on individuals with autism. The framework for this study utilized a qualitative interpretative description design. Participants were mothers of autistic children. The study, conducted with focus groups, continued until data saturation was reached. A thematic review was conducted. Findings indicate that factors affecting autistic individuals can be divided into several subcategories such as sensory, routines, and physical environment. While the home environment is generally safe and consistent, these aspects have been identified as important. Consequently, it is necessary to consider the potential outcomes in other environments where control might be more challenging. Identifying these factors and their effects helps to better understand the interaction between an autistic individual and their environment and guides professionals in their interventions.

Keywords: Autism, neurodevelopmental issues, physical environment.  

Öz

Dünya genelinde otizm spektrum bozukluklarının (OSB) tahmini yaygınlığı %1'dir. OSB olan bireyler tipik olarak çeşitli çevresel uyaranlara (koku, gürültü, ışık) karşı yüksek bir hassasiyete sahiptir. OSB olan bireyler, sosyal iletişimi iyileştirebilen, kaygı ve agresyonu azaltan ve komorbid semptomları en aza indirebilen farmakolojik desteklere sahiptir. OSB için tek bir müdahale yöntemi olmadığı için, semptomları hafifleten tıbbi destek ve gelişimin erken dönemlerinde başlayan kanıta dayalı müdahaleler OSB olan çocuklara fayda sağlar. Ayrıca, okul ve klinik gibi merkezlerdeki müdahalelerin ev ortamında yürütülmesi ve bu çocukların uyum davranışlarını artırmak için sadece okul ve klinik ortamları değil, aynı zamanda ev ortamları da yapılandırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, annelerin OSB olan bireyler üzerinde ev ortamının özelliklerinin etkisine dair görüşlerini ve deneyimlerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın çerçevesi için niteliksel yorumlayıcı tanım tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanlar, OSB olan çocukları olan annelerdir. Odak grupları ile yapılan çalışma, veri doygunluğuna ulaşılana kadar devam etti. Tematik bir inceleme yapıldı. Bulgular, OSB olan bireyleri etkileyen faktörlerin duyusal, rutinler ve fiziksel çevre gibi birkaç alt kategoriye ayrılabileceğini göstermektedir. Ev ortamı genellikle güvenli ve tutarlı bir ortam olsa da bu yönler önemli olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu durumun kontrolün daha zor olduğu diğer ortamlarda olabilecek sonuçları düşünmek gerekmektedir. Bu faktörlerin ve etkilerinin belirlenmesi, OSB olan bir birey ile çevresi arasındaki etkileşimi daha iyi anlamayı sağlar ve profesyonellere müdahalelerinde rehberlik eder.

Anahtar Terimler: Otizm, nöro-gelişimsel problemler, fiziksel çevre.

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